According to the principles of friction ridge identification, what must exist for a valid identification?

A valid identification in friction ridge analysis relies on the presence of a unique sequence of ridge patterns. Each person's friction ridges, which form the basis for fingerprinting, are unique and do not change over time, except in the case of scarring or trauma. This uniqueness allows for the reliable differentiation between individuals.

In the context of friction ridge identification, the uniqueness and variability in ridge patterns are paramount. These patterns include the arrangement, categorization, and characteristics of ridges, which are critical elements in establishing a positive identification. It is this uniqueness that forensic experts utilize to match latent prints collected from crime scenes to known standards.

While multiple ridge units can support an identification and having a consistent orientation can aid in reading and interpreting prints, neither is sufficient on its own to ensure a valid identification. The presence of genetic aberrations refers to any hereditary conditions or differences, and while these can influence ridge formation, they do not negate the fundamental principle of uniqueness required for identification. Thus, the unique sequence of ridge patterns is the cornerstone of establishing valid and reliable identifications in forensic fingerprint analysis.