What year did the case People vs. Crispi occur, marking the first conviction with fingerprint evidence alone?

The case of People vs. Crispi, which took place in 1911, is historically significant as it marks the first conviction based solely on fingerprint evidence. This case set a precedent for the acceptance of fingerprint analysis within the legal system, demonstrating its reliability and establishing it as a valid form of evidence in criminal cases. The ruling not only highlighted the growing trust in fingerprint technology but also paved the way for its broader adoption in law enforcement practices. The year 1911 specifically is crucial as it reflects the early adoption phase of fingerprint identification, prior to which other forms of evidence were predominantly relied upon in court, thereby cementing its status as a critical tool in forensic science. The other years presented, while significant in various contexts, do not correspond to the landmark ruling in this particular case, emphasizing the importance of the year 1911 in the advancement of fingerprint evidence in judicial proceedings.