Which fingerprint patterns include arch, loop, and whorl?

The correct answer relates to the classification of fingerprint patterns, which encompasses arch, loop, and whorl classifications. These patterns are fundamental in the field of fingerprint analysis.

Fingerprint classifications categorize the distinct patterns formed by the ridges of a fingerprint and are essential for identifying individuals based on their unique fingerprint characteristics. The arch pattern exhibits ridge lines that rise in the center, while the loop pattern features ridges that enter from one side and exit the same side. The whorl pattern is characterized by circular or spiral ridge formations.

Recognizing these classifications is crucial for forensic scientists and law enforcement professionals, as it enables them to match latent fingerprints found at crime scenes with known prints in databases. Understanding the different types of fingerprint patterns is key in the study of fingerprint analysis, making this the correct choice.

The other choices do not pertain directly to fingerprint pattern classifications: latent print techniques focus on methods used to reveal or collect prints, body surface patterns refer to the external features of the skin, and types of skin glands relate to anatomical structures, none of which specifically categorize the fundamental patterns of fingerprints.