Which individual was the first to describe the similarities of friction ridge patterns?

The individual credited with being the first to describe the similarities of friction ridge patterns is Johannes Purkinje. In the 19th century, Purkinje's research laid the foundation for the study of fingerprints and the unique patterns formed by friction ridges on human skin. He classified these patterns into several categories, which was a significant advancement at the time. His work provided a systematic approach to the analysis of fingerprints, which ultimately influenced later fingerprint classification systems.

By establishing the basic principles of fingerprint formation and the variations among individuals, Purkinje contributed immensely to forensic science, specifically in the field of fingerprint identification. His insights paved the way for subsequent researchers and forensic experts to develop more sophisticated methods for analyzing and utilizing fingerprint evidence in criminal investigations.