Which layer is considered the innermost layer of the epidermis that continually divides?

The stratum basale, also known as the basal layer, is recognized as the innermost layer of the epidermis and plays a critical role in the regeneration of the skin. This layer comprises a single row of columnar or cuboidal cells that are actively dividing. These basal cells undergo mitosis, producing new keratinocytes that migrate upward through the layers of the epidermis, eventually reaching the outermost layer, where they shed. The continual division in the stratum basale is essential for maintaining skin integrity and repair.

In addition, the stratum basale contains melanocytes, which are responsible for pigment production, and Merkel cells, which are involved in the sensation of touch. This layer serves not only as a source of new cells but also contributes to various functions of the skin, including protection and sensation.