Who instituted the widespread recording of friction ridge skin for individualization?

The correct choice highlights the significant contributions made by Sir William James Herschel in the field of fingerprinting. In the late 19th century, Herschel, a British colonial administrator in India, began experimenting with using fingerprints for identifying individuals. He was among the first to recognize the uniqueness and permanence of friction ridge skin patterns, which laid the groundwork for the systematic recording of fingerprints for individualization purposes.

Herschel's pioneering work involved the collection of fingerprints on contracts and other official documents to prevent fraud and establish identity. His efforts were crucial in moving fingerprinting from being an anecdotal practice to a more formalized method of identification. This approach was foundational for later developments in forensic science and the eventual establishment of fingerprinting as a reliable method for matching individuals in criminal investigations.

While other figures also contributed to the early study and use of fingerprints, Herschel's role in promoting the practical application of friction ridge skin for individualization distinctly marked the onset of a new era in law enforcement and personal identification.